habitatMycorrhizal under broadleaf trees (oak, beech, hornbeam), occasionally with spruce
edibilityDEADLY POISONOUS
├─ Key Features
  • │ ▸ Yellowish-green to olive cap, shiny when damp; smooth, without flecks
  • │ ▸ White gills and ring
  • │ ▸ White stem with a bulbous base in a white, sac-like volva
  • │ ▸ Pale, watery-marbled cap margin in damp conditions (veil remnants)
└─ Responsible for most fatal mushroom poisonings in Europe. Must not be tasted.
habitatMycorrhizal with beech, birch, spruce and pine
edibilityExcellent edible mushroom
├─ Key Features
  • │ ▸ Golden-yellow, funnel-shaped cap with a wavy, irregular margin
  • │ ▸ Blunt, forked ridges (no true gills) running down the stem
  • │ ▸ Pale yellow to whitish, firm flesh
  • │ ▸ Pleasant fruity smell of apricots
└─ One of the most sought-after wild mushrooms in Europe; a great choice for drying.
habitatMycorrhizal with beech, birch, spruce and pine
edibilityExcellent edible mushroom
├─ Key Features
  • │ ▸ Golden-yellow, funnel-shaped cap with a wavy, irregular margin
  • │ ▸ Blunt, forked ridges (no true gills) running down the stem
  • │ ▸ Pale yellow to whitish, firm flesh
  • │ ▸ Pleasant fruity smell of apricots
└─ One of the most sought-after wild mushrooms in Europe; a great choice for drying.
habitatSaprobic on dead logs, branches and stumps of broadleaves, favouring sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and beech; causes a soft rot; found most of the year
edibilityInedible — the flesh is far too hard and tough
├─ Key Features
  • │ ▸ Slender, black, club-shaped fruit bodies (2.5–6.5 cm tall) on a distinct narrow sterile stalk, usually unbranched
  • │ ▸ Surface greyish to brownish when young and dusted with pale conidia, blackening and cracking into scales with age
  • │ ▸ Interior flesh white and very tough
  • │ ▸ Differs from Xylaria polymorpha by its longer stalk, more slender clubs and smaller spores (12–16 µm against 20–32 µm)
  • │ ▸ Grows directly from dead hardwood, especially sycamore maple and beech
└─ Named for its long stalk (longipes). The maple wood it decays is part of the "fungal violin" research, where controlled fungal decay was shown to shape the acoustic properties of instrument wood.